Anseriformes
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 9.7 ug/g lipid, 3.3 ug/g skin, 1.3 ug/g brain, 0.8 ug/g liver, 0.7 ug/g muscle at 2.6 ug/g food | mean of day 5, 7, 8 (approx. steady state) tissue concentrations | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | 42.5 ug/g lipid, 14.6 ug/g skin, 1.6 ug/g brain, 2.5 ug/g liver, 1.2 ug/g muscle at 26.2 ug/g food | mean of day 5, 7, 8 (approx. steady state) tissue concentrations | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | 80.7 ug/g lipid, 30.1 ug/g skin, 1.6 ug/g brain, 4.1 ug/g liver, 1.8 ug/g muscle at 49.3 ug/g food | mean of day 5, 7, 8 (approx. steady state) tissue concentrations | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STRYCHNINE | increase | strychnine poisoning via grain bait diagnosed as cause of death in free-flying mallards | Both Male and Female | Adult | 4 | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID | 1 ug/g @ controls; 3 ug/g @ 100 ppm; 3 ug/g @ 400 ppm; 29 ug/g @ 1600 ppm | liver boron concentration (geometric mean; ug/g dry weight) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10 animals/pen; 3 pens/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS, FUEL OILS | no effect | antibody-mediated immunity estimated by direct spleen plaque-forming cell assays (PFCs/g spleen); mallards inoculated with sheep red blood cells on day 24 | Male | Adult | 9/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALUMINUM SULFATE | 3.59 ppm dry wt @ control, 5.16 ppm @ 0.1%, 15.52 ppm @ 0.05% | liver aluminum concentrations (ppm, dry wt) in ducklings | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| ALUMINUM SULFATE | no effect | plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | positive relationship | relation between liver to body weight ratio and dose | Male | Adult | 4-5 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | positive correlation | relation between dose and frequency and severity of hepatic and kidney lesions | Not Reported | Adult | 4-5 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | positive correlation | P4 concentration in fat versus dose | Male | Adult | 4-5 birds/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | no effect | reproductive success or nest attentiveness versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 22 pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| AROCLOR 1254 | no effect | body and liver weights of parents and offspring versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 22 pairs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | histological changes to nervous system, bones, feathers, feather follicles, claws and scaled skin versus controls | Male | Adult | 21/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 mo | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | increased in birds that died, and in some 40 ppm survivors | histological changes to skin (loss of fat), muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, lymph nodes, spleen, seminiferous tubules | Male | Adult | 21/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 7 ppm Se | body weight versus controls | Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect due to added Se | liver weight, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | increased @ all doses | protoporphyrin levels in blood versus controls | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | 4.6(0.66) ppm @ 103 ug/g Pb; 9.3(0.82) ppm @ 207 ug/g Pb; 12(1.3) ppm @ 414 ug/g Pb; 28(4.6) ppm @ 828 ug/g Pb | mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of lead in liver | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 20/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF | maximum likelihood estimate of 2-week Pb exposure rate | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 50 birds/treatment | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Sacramento |
| LEAD (elemental) | higher in P8 than in T19 and TF, and in T19 than in TF | mortality rate (over 4 years) | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 50 birds/treatment | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge; Willows, CA (39deg29'N, 122deg20'W) | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Sacramento |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 10 ppm Hg | incidence of leg weakness versus controls | Male | Adult | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | hatchability versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | 17.9(1.06) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg; 14.1(0.74) ppm @ 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | mean (SE) wet wt Hg concentrations in brain | Male | Adult | 12/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | no effect with Fe or Bi | histopathology of kidney, liver, testis, heart, lung versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory | |
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | 213(27.1) ppm, kidney; 91(4.55) ppm, liver; 9.8(3.22) ppm, ovary; 3.49(0.61) ppm, testis | mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of Pb in Pb-dosed birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased | blood protoporphyrin levels versus controls | Male | Juvenile | 8 | Laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 months | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | decreased | eggshell thickness versus controls | Female | Adult | 20-28, 21-25, and 10-23 for the 0, 10, and 40 ppm DDE groups | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | 2.34 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| DEMETON | 13.3 (11.0-16.2), 15.3 (12.9-18.1), 15.1 (12.0-19.0), 8.19 (6.58-10.2) | LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| CHLORPYRIFOS | 145 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hours | Laboratory | |
| TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) | 130 (80.4-210), 30.8 (23.3-40.6), 70.7 (37.6-133) | LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 20.4% decrease | eggshell thickness versus controls | Female | Adult | 6 hens; 45 total eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 17% decrease | serum calcium versus controls | Female | Adult | 6 hens; 45 total eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 10, 50 ug/g diet | kidney Cd concentration versus controls | Male | Adult | 8 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 32 weeks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | decrease | average % hatchability, compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | no effect | progeny growth (average body weights) at hatch to 6 wks of age | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 trios (2F, 1M adults)/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | no effect | egg fertility, egg weight, eggshell thickness, and mean interval between laying of eggs versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced with seleno-L-methionine or seleno-D,L-methionine | hatchability versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 165 ug/g diet (100 - 224 ug/g, 95% CI) | 96 hr LC50 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 - 25 d | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | 29.5 ug/g diet (14 - 28 ug/g, 95% CI) | 24-d LC50 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 - 25 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | ST = 0.986 - 0.060C | regression equation relating shell thickness (mm) to log10 yolk concentration (C, ug/g); r2=0.54 | Female | Adult | 63 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | mean daily food consumption rate (166.4 g food/kg body weight) | Female | Adult | 5-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (4,4'-) | increase @ 100-200 ug/g | estradiol metabolism and cytochrome P450 concentration | Female | Adult | 4/dose/sampling time | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 80 d at initiation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4,5-) | 44 lbs AI/acre for exposure of 3d embryo; 44 lbs AI/acre for exposure of 8d embryo | LC50 | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8d of development | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALATHION | 0% @ 5 mg/L | percent mortality | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory | |
| MALATHION | 90.6% @ 5 mg/L | brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHLORPYRIFOS | decreased @ all doses | body weight compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLPARATHION | decreased when treatment initiated during laying, early or late incub. | food consumption compared with controls | Female | Adult | 12 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DICROTOPHOS | 42.8% (5.4 SE) | brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory | |
| FENSULFOTHION | 48.9% (7.6 SE) | brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPN | decreased @ all doses | activity of brain and plasma cholinesterase, and brain neurotoxic esterase compared with controls | Female | Juvenile | 6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 20 wks | Laboratory | |
| EPN | decreased @ 90, 270 pmm | plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls | Female | Juvenile | 6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 20 wks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINDANE | serum (0.13); fat (0.20); muscle (0.70); kidney (0.02); liver (0.02); brain (0.01) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 2x/wk | mean lindane residue levels | Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | laying | Laboratory | |
| LINDANE | serum (0.20); fat (0.68); muscle (0.30); kidney (0.23); liver (0.14); brain (0.11) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 3x/wk | mean lindane residue levels | Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | laying | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VANADYL SULFATE | increased @ 100 ppm | plasma cholesterol levels in drakes and laying hens | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | 60% @ 2 shot, 30% @ 4 shot | cumulative mortality | Male | Adult | 10/treatment group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD NITRATE | no effect (3 or 8 d) | open field behavior scores versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 26-28/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 9 d | Laboratory | |
| LEAD NITRATE | decreased @ 5 ppm (8 d exposure) | mean percentage weight gain versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 26-28/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 9 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | no effect | incidence of lead poisoning tissue lesions versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | lead only: 112.27 (+/- 44.27); lead-iron: 32.65 (+/- 16.58) ppm, wet wt | lead concentration in bone (mean +/- SE) | Female | Adult | control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FUEL OILS | decreased @ 2% emulsion, incubation day 8 exposure | embryo survival through day 18 of incubation versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory | |
| ACETONE | decreased @ 100% solution, incubation days 3 or 8 exposure | embryo weight and length by incubation day 18 versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DICHLOROPHENOXY-ACETIC ACID (2,4-) | decreased @ 1500 mg/kg bw | post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness | Female | Adult | 5/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| HEPTACHLOR | decreased @ 1000 mg/kg bw | post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness | Female | Adult | 5/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 200 ppm | weight of kidneys versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | first year | Laboratory | |
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | decreased @ 200 ppm | weight of testes versus controls | Male | Adult | 5 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | first year | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSENATE, SODIUM | increased @ 10, 100, 300 ppm | plasma concentration of triglycerides | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 30 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| ARSENATE, SODIUM | increased @ 10, 100, 300 ppm | incidence of altered brain and liver biochemistry | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 30 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NICKEL SULFATE | no effects | reproductive success (number of eggs laid, hatchability, duckling survival) compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| NICKEL SULFATE | increased @ 12.5, 50, 200, 800 ppm diet | kidney, blood, liver, and feather concentrations of Ni compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | decreased @ all doses/30 d post-treatment, and 200 ppm/90 d of treatment | mean testis weight versus controls | Male | Adult | 5 testes/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE | increased @ 1,3,9,27,90 ug Hg | % abnormal survivors by day 18 of incubation versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 80 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | incubation day 3 | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE | decreased @ 27, 90 ug Hg | embryo crown to rump length by day 18 of incubation versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 80 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | incubation day 3 | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENITE, SODIUM | increased @ 10,20,40 ppm | incidence of altered hepatic glutathione metabolism versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 40 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 20, 40 ppm | hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 40 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 150, 450 ppm | kidney and adrenal weights compared to controls | Not Reported | Adult | 12 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 450 ppm | plasma uric acid, adrenal corticosterone levels | Not Reported | Adult | 12 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 60 ppm Se (47% mort.) | survival versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 60 ppm Se | body, liver, and spleen weight; tarsus length versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | no effect | body weight compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 females, 10 males/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | no effect | egg production versus controls | Female | Adult | 20 females/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | no effect | body weight; body and skin temperature at 16C; mean heat production and thermal conductance at 16C | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| CRUDE OILS | increase | body temperature at an ambient temperature of -17C, compared to control | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID | decrease @ 1000 ppm | % hatching success in fertile eggs and productivity per female (mean # of 21 d old ducklings) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15/sex/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID | no effect | eggshell thickness and Ratcliffe index of eggshell quality | Female | Adult | 15/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | no effect | body weight | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory | |
| CRUDE OILS | increase | plasma triglyceride and sodium concentrations, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS | no effect | mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 males, 20 females per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased @ 5 shot (33%) and repeated 5 shot (40%) | percent mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 5-6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254, DDE (4,4'-) | decreased with all treatments | numbers of mammillary cores and basal caps on eggshell membranes versus controls | Female | Adult | 6-8 eggs/group from 10 hens | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIAZINON | decreased (84%) | percent inhibition of post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control | Not Reported | Juvenile | 5 ducks | Toxicity Factor Datasets | dead |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) | see citation | table of DDE, DDD and DDT residues in 21 tissues following varying times after application | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1-6/sample | Sandusky Bay, Port Clinton | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DICROTOPHOS | 101.8 (coeff. of variation = 21.6%) | 5 day dietary LC50 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5 days | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASULAM | 10% @ 4000 mg/kg | percent mortality after 21 days | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | decreased @ 0.75, 7.5 (aqueous) or 0.8 (oil) lb/acre | embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 3 or 8 of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | increase @ 2-15 ul/egg | percent mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 100 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | days 2-18 of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased @ 2 #four shot | mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 (control); 16 (lab); 63 (field) | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Sacramento | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SALINE WATER | decreased @ 4000 or 7720 umhos/cm | body weight by day 14 or 16 versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEWAGE SLUDGE | no effect | immune defenses; resistance to Pasturella multocida estimated by % mortality 14 d after challenge, compared to controls | Male | Adult | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
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